361 papers
Cell biology is the study of life at its most fundamental unit: the cell. This field explores how these microscopic building blocks function, communicate, and replicate to sustain living organisms, from the simplest bacteria to complex human tissues. By understanding the machinery inside a cell, scientists unlock secrets about growth, disease, and the very nature of existence itself.
At Gist.Science, we track every new preprint uploaded to bioRxiv within this dynamic category. Our team processes each submission to provide both accessible plain-language explanations and detailed technical summaries, ensuring you can grasp complex discoveries without getting lost in dense jargon. Below are the latest papers in cell biology, offering a fresh look at the inner workings of life as they are shared with the world.
By employing cryo-electron tomography to visualize the leading edge of human fibroblasts, this study reveals the diverse in situ structural architecture and dynamic interplay of focal adhesions with actin, vimentin, and microtubules, thereby establishing a new framework for understanding cytoskeletal integration and force transmission during cell migration.
By integrating cryo-electron tomography, cross-linking mass spectrometry, and expansion microscopy, this study provides the first comprehensive in situ molecular and structural map of the mammalian multiciliated cell ciliary base, revealing detailed microtubule architectures, novel protein localizations, and the spatial organization of the surrounding cytoskeletal environment.
This study characterizes gestational changes in decidual natural killer (dNK) cell heterogeneity and function, demonstrating that induced pluripotent stem cells can be differentiated into functional, early-gestation-like dNK2 subtypes via TGF{beta} treatment, thereby establishing a novel platform for modeling reproductive diseases and developing cell-based therapeutics.
This study demonstrates that insulin and somatostatin regulate glucagon secretion in αTC1-6 cells by utilizing Stathmin-2 to direct glucagon-containing vesicles and lysosomes away from the cell periphery via Arl8-mediated microtubule transport, thereby promoting their degradative retention as an alternative mechanism to inhibiting exocytosis.
This study reveals that GRAF1-dependent endocytotic processes and the Golgi apparatus independently supply membrane material to drive the formation of novel intermediate doughnut-shaped structures during early ciliogenesis.
This study identifies the conserved i-AAA protease Yme1 as a critical regulator that enables mitochondrial-derived compartment (MDC) formation by proteolytically remodeling lipid transfer and MICOS complex proteins to relieve constraints on membrane biogenesis during stress.
This study demonstrates that the DNA repair protein RAD51 is upregulated in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and its inhibition via siRNA or the drug B02 disrupts fibroblast metabolism and DNA repair to promote apoptosis, thereby offering a promising therapeutic strategy to reverse lung fibrosis.
This study demonstrates that DNA damage drives a unique, p21-associated senescent-like state in neurons characterized by a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and NF-κB1 activation, which transcriptionally mirrors Alzheimer's disease pathology and differs significantly from the p16-associated, SASP-lacking senescence observed in fibroblasts.
This study reveals that the Igf2-Igf binding protein complex, which is sequestered in neuroendocrine stem cells until injury releases it to drive proliferation via Rb repression, serves as a critical mechanism linking tissue repair to the initiation of small cell lung cancer.
The paper introduces SHOT-CCR, a biologically guided test-time adaptation framework that leverages cell-invariant gradient reversal to decouple morphological signals from batch effects, achieving state-of-the-art accuracy in classifying genetic perturbations across diverse Cell Painting datasets.